New year, COVID-19, and political public relations

A mixed methods frame analysis of Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s crisis communication on Twitter

Authors

  • Nana Kwame Osei Fordjour University of New Mexico
  • Godwin Etse Sikanku Ghana Institute of Journalism

Keywords:

COVID-19, Twitter, US, governor, polittical public relations

Abstract

This study adopts a mixed methods approach to analyze the crisis communication frames in the COVID-19 tweets (n=459) of Gov Andrew Cuomo. Findings indicate a prevalence of leadership tweets (29%), action (25%) tweets, severity (17.8%) reassurance (15%), and collaboration (7.6%) tweets. To explain these tweets, we conducted a qualitative frame analysis and observed that the governor’s tweets portrayed him as a leader on top of issues and committed towards equality by espousing three frames namely: Vaccination efforts, pandemic impact, and relief, as well as hands-on leadership. He displayed authenticity by his dominant use of statistics, bilingual tweets, and rhetorical questions to display authenticity. Findings contribute to literature on using social media in crisis communication by extending a mixed-methods approach to study a popular phenomenon in the field.

Author Biographies

Nana Kwame Osei Fordjour, University of New Mexico

Nana Kwame Osei Fordjour is a Ph.D. student in the Communication and Journalism department at the University of New Mexico. His research interests are in political communication, strategic communication, and media

Godwin Etse Sikanku, Ghana Institute of Journalism

Etse Sikanku is a senior lecturer at the Ghana Institute of Journalism. He obtained his PhD from the University of Iowa and is currently the Executive Director for the Center for Public Discourse Analysis (CPDA).

References

Baccini, L., & Brodeur, A. (2020). Explaining governors’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. American Politics Research, 1532673X20973453.

Benoit, W. L. (1999). Seeing spots: A functional analysis of presidential television advertisements, 1952-1996. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Bergman, M. M. (2011). The politics, fashions, and conventions of research methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5(2), 99–102

Birkland, T. (1997). After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Brønn, P.S. (2010). “Reputation, communication, and the corporate brand”. In Heath, R.L. (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Public Relations, SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 307-320.

Branicki, L. J., & Agyei, D. A. (2015). Unpacking the impacts of social media upon crisis communication and city evacuation. In City Evacuations: An Interdisciplinary Approach (pp. 21-37). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Campus, D. (2010). Mediatization and personalization of politics in Italy and France: The cases of Berlusconi and Sarkozy. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 15(2), 219-235.

Coe, K., & Griffin, R. A. (2020). Marginalized identity invocation online: The case of President Donald Trump on Twitter. Social Media+ Society, 6(1), 2056305120913979.

Clark, A. D., & Nickels, A. E. (2020). Doubling down on austerity: Framing and coronavirus response. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 1-8.

Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176.

Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). The Internet and democratic citizenship: Theory, practice and policy. Cambridge University Press.

Clark, V. L. P., & Creswell, J. W. (2008). The mixed methods reader. Sage.

Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). An expanded typology for classifying mixed methods research into designs. In Clark, V. L. P., & Creswell, J. W. (2008). The mixed methods reader. Sage.

Clark, V. L. P., & Creswell, J. W. (2008). The mixed methods reader. Sage.

Day, A. M., O’Shay-Wallace, S., Seeger, M. W., & McElmurry, S. P. (2019). Informational sources, social media use, and race in the flint, Michigan, water crisis. Communication Studies, 70(3), 352–376.

Denscombe, M. (2008). Communities of practice: A research paradigm for the mixed methods approach. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2(3), 270-283.

Enli, G., & Rosenberg, L. T. (2018). Trust in the age of social media: Populist politicians seem more authentic. Social Media+ Society, 4(1), 2056305118764430.

Enli, G. S., & Skogerbø, E. (2013). Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics: Twitter and Facebook as arenas for political communication. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 757-774.

Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58.

Eriksson, M., & Olsson, E. K. (2016). Facebook and Twitter in crisis communication: A comparative study of crisis communication professionals and citizens. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 24(4), 198-208.

Fearn-Banks, K. (2016). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Routledge.

Fenner, C., & Piotrowski, C. (2018). As the storm approaches: Media use by the elderly during hurricane threat. Florida Communication Journal, 46(2), 67–75.

Fiske, J. (2010). Television culture. Routledge.

Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American journal of sociology, 95(1), 1-37.

Hallahan, K. (1999). Seven models of framing: Implications for public relations, Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), 205-242

Hannigan, J. (2012). Disasters without borders. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.

Heath, R. L., & Palenchar, M. J. (2008). Strategic issues management: Organizations and public policy challenges. Sage Publications.

Hendricks, J. A., & Denton, R. (2010). Political campaigns and communicating with the electorate in the Twenty-First Century. Communicator-in-chief: How Barack Obama used new media technology to win the White House, 1-18.

Hwang, S. (2013). The effect of Twitter use on politicians’ credibility and attitudes toward politicians. Journal of Public Relations Research, 25(3), 246-258.

Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133

Jungherr, A. (2016). Twitter use in election campaigns: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13(1), 72-91.

Kaigo, M. (2012). Social media usage during disasters and social capital: Twitter and the Great East Japan earthquake. Keio Communication Review, 34(1), 19-35.

Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 411–433.

Lee, S. T., & Basnyat, I. (2013). From press release to news: mapping the framing of the 2009 H1N1 A influenza pandemic. Health Communication, 28(2), 119-132.

Liu, B. F., & Kim, S. (2011). How organizations framed the 2009 H1N1 pandemic via social and traditional media: Implications for US health communicators. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 233-244.

Mazzoleni, G. (2014). Mediatization and political populism. In Mediatization of politics (pp. 42-56). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Montgomery, M. (2001). The uses of authenticity: “Speaking from experience” in a UK election broadcast. The Communication Review, 4(4), 447-462.

Montgomery, M. (2017). Post-truth politics?: Authenticity, populism and the electoral discourses of Donald Trump. Journal of Language and Politics, 16(4), 619-639.

Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10(1), 55-75.

Riddell, H., & Fenner, C. (2021). User-Generated Crisis Communication: Exploring Crisis Frames on Twitter during Hurricane Harvey. Southern Communication Journal, 86(1), 31-45.

Rufai, S. R., & Bunce, C. (2020). World leaders’ usage of Twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis. Journal of Public Health, 42(3), 510-516.

Ruggiero, A., & Vos, M. (2014). Social media monitoring for crisis communication: Process, methods, and trends in the scientific literature. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 4.

Schneider, S. K., & Jordan, M. P. (2016). Political science research on crisis and crisis communications. In A. Schwarz, M. W. Seeger, & C. Auer (Eds.), International Crisis Communication Research (pp. 3–23). New York: Wiley

Sikanku, G.E., Boadi, F.K., Aziz, H. & Osei Fordjour, N.K. (2019). A political communicative and framing analytic approach: President Akufo-Addo’s televised address to the nation on the US-Ghana military cooperation agreement. In Obeng, S.G., & Debrah, E. (eds). Ghanaian politics and Political Communication. Rowman & Littlefield International: UK.

Shih, T. J., Wijaya, R., & Brossard, D. (2008). Media coverage of public health epidemics: Linking framing and issue attention cycle toward an integrated theory of print news coverage of epidemics. Mass Communication & Society, 11(2), 141-160.

Sisson, D. C., & Bowen, S. A. (2017). Reputation management and authenticity: A case study of Starbucks’ UK tax crisis and “# SpreadTheCheer” campaign. Journal of Communication Management.

Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., Lin, X., & Del Greco, M. (2015). Variability in Twitter content across the stages of a natural disaster: Implications for crisis communication. Communication Quarterly, 63(2), 171–186.

Stromback, J., & Kiousis, S. (Eds.). (2011). Political public relations: Principles and applications. Taylor & Francis.

The Surge. (2020, March 27). Retrieved from https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/03/coronavirus-governors-cuomo-dewine-desantis.html

Wimmer, R. D & Dominick, J. R. (2003). Mass Media Research: An Introduction (7th Ed.). Belmont. Wadsworth

Downloads

Published

2022-12-30