The impact of advertising irritation on purchase intention among social media users
Keywords:
structure equation modeling, marketing, advertising, sem, Advertising IrritationAbstract
This study looks at how brand awareness quantitatively impacts consumers’ purchase intentions while simultaneously assessing whether advertising irritation detracts consumers’ purchase intent. Data was collected from 335 study participants via an online questionnaire. Study participants consisted of a purposive sample of consumers over 18 years old with a presence on other social media platforms in addition to Facebook (e.g., TikTok, internet forums, Metaverse, etc.). A cleansed data set was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling via the software SmartPLS. Key findings show that brand awareness positively impacts purchase intention among online consumers. Furthermore, this study alludes to the importance of the further study of demotivating variables (e.g., advertising irritation). This study contributes to advertising irritation literature and provides a structure to better understand what drives consumers to dislike advertising more. Marketing managers can use data from the research to better understand purchase intention drivers and demotivating factors among consumers using social media.
References
Aaker, D. A., & Bruzzone, D. E. (1985). Causes of irritation in advertising. Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 47-57. doi:10.1177/002224298504900204
Anjum, A., Thomas, M. R., & Prakash, P. K. (2020). Digital marketing strategies: Effectiveness on generation Z. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 17(2), 54-69. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.trident.edu/docview/2431835226?accountid=28844
Austin, M. K. (2020). The Influence of Relationship Marketing on Nontraditional Student Loyalty in Higher Education Institutions (Doctoral study, Trident University International).
Barreda, A. A., Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., & Okumus, F. (2015). Generating brand awareness in online social networks. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 600-609.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bilgin, Y. (2018). The Effect Of Social Media Marketing Activities On Brand Awareness. Brand Image And Brand Loyalty, Business & Management: An International Journal, 6(1), 128-148.
Blackshaw, P. (2008). Satisfied Customers Tell Three Friends, Angry Customers Tell 3,000: Running a Business in Today's Consumer-Driven World.
Bloomenthal, A. (2020). Coefficient of Determination. Retrieved on 28 November 2020 from website https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coefficient-of-determination.asp.
Brackett, L.K., & Carr, B.N. (2001). Cyberspace advertising vs other media: consumer vs mature student attitudes, Journal of Advertising Research, 41(5), 23-32.
Cabrera Rios, N. (2017). Measuring digital era impact on brand interaction among young Emerging Consumers: A case study of Colombian consumers
Chang, Y. H. (2012). A study on the marketing performance using social media-Comparison between portal advertisement, blog, and SNS channel characteristics and performance. Journal of Digital Convergence, 10(8), 119-133.
Chin, W.W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 2, 295-336.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Chooi, C. (2020). Mediation versus Moderation – What’s the Difference? Retrieved 10 February 2022 from website https://psychdrop.com/2020/04/05/mediation-versus-moderation-whats-the-difference/
Coyle, R. (2022). The Impact of Brand Awareness on Purchase Intention Among Consumers Using Social Media. [Doctoral Dissertation, Trident University International]. Database Proquest. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/impact-brand-awareness-on-purchase-intention/docview/2688071482/se-2.
Cuesta-Valiño, P., Rodríguez, P. G., & Núñez-Barriopedro, E. (2020). Perception of Advertisements for Healthy Food on Social Media: Effect of Attitude on Consumers’ Response. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6463.
Ducoffe, R. H. (1996). Advertising value and advertising on the web. Journal of Advertising Research, 36(5), 21–35.
Duffett, R. (2020). The YouTube Marketing Communication Effect on Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Attitudes among Generation Z Consumers. Retrieved on 17 October 2020 from website https://doaj.org/article/51071235388740ebb586b859a5af6210.
Erkan, I., Gokerik, M., & Acikgoz, F. (2019). The impacts of facebook ads on brand image, brand awareness, and brand equity. In Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Marketing for Global Reach in the Digital Economy (pp. 442-462). IGI Global.
eMarketer. (2020). US Social Network Users, by Platform 2019 – 2024. Retrieved from https://www.emarketer.com/chart/233809/us-social-network-users-by-platform-2019-2024-millions-of-social-network-users on January 25, 2021
Fawad, K. (2021). I Have Finished Data Collection: How Do I Start Data Analysis Using Smart-PLS. Retrieved on 4 February 2022 from website https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaH9iYi-Wnw
Firat, D. (2019). YouTube advertising value and its effects on purchase intention. Journal of Global Business Insights, 4(2), 141-155.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2011). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Taylor & Francis.
Florenthal, B. (2019). Young consumers’ motivational drivers of brand engagement behavior on social media sites. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Fox, A. K., Nakhata, C., & Deitz, G. D. (2019). Eat, drink, and create content: a multi-method exploration of visual social media marketing content. International Journal of Advertising, 38(3), 450–470. https://doi-org.ezproxy.trident.edu/10.1080/02650487.2018.1535223
Gawali, S. (2021). Shape of data: Skewness and Kurtosis. Retrieved on 6 February 2022 from website https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/05/shape-of-data-skewness-and-kurtosis/
Gefen, D., Straub, D., & Boudreau, M. (2000). Structural Equation Modeling Techniques and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 7(7) August, 1-78.
Graham, M. & Ansari, T. (2021). Facebook’s Name Change to Meta Reflects Common Corporate Tactic. Marketing experts talk about the successes, failures of companies’ efforts to reflect an expanded portfolio or create a fresh start with a new name. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebooks-name-change-to-meta-reflects-common-corporate-tactic-11635448572 on 1 February 2022.
Gustafson, T. & Chabot, B. (2007). Brand Awareness. Retrieved from website http://www.nnyagdev.org/maplefactsheets/CMB%20105%20Brand%20Awareness.pdf
Hair, J. F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017) A Primer on Partial Leaset Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)., 2nd Ed., Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
Hair, J., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, M., & Mena, A. (2012). Communicator Characteristics Associated with Relationship Disengagement Strategies. Communication Research Reports. 1. 1-6.
Hanlon, A. (2020). The AIDA Model. Retrieved from https://www.smartinsights.com/traffic-building-strategy/offer-and-message-development/aida-model/ on November 20, 2020.
Han, B., & Myers, C. (2018). Perceptions of overuse, underuse, and change of use of a social media site: Definition, measurement instrument, and their managerial impacts. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(3), 247-257.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling., Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. DOI:10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Horn, J., Liu, C., Chou, H., & Tsai, C. (2012). Understanding the impact of culinary brand equity and destination familiarity on travel intentions. Tourism Management (1982), 33(4), 815-824. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.004
Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Dennhardt, S., & Fuller, J. (2013). The impact of user interactions in social media on brand awareness and purchase intention: the case of MINI on Facebook. Journal of Product & Brand Management.
Kemp, E., & Childers, C. (2021). Insta-gratification: Examining the influence of social media on emotions and consumption. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 10(2), 306-324.
Laksamana, P. (2018). Impact of social media marketing on purchase intention and brand loyalty: Evidence from Indonesia’s banking industry. International Review of Management and Marketing, 8(1), 13-18.
Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., & Richard, M. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media? International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), 76-82. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.07.003
Lavidge, R. & Steiner, G. (1961). A model for predictive measurements of advertising effectiveness. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 59 – 62
Lim, W. M. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of e-shopping: an integrated model. Internet Research.
Liu, S., Chou, C., & Liao, H. (2015). An exploratory study of product placement in social media. Internet Research, 25(2), 300-316. doi:10.1108/IntR-12-2013-0267
Logan, K., Bright, L. & Gangadharbatla, H. (2012). Facebook versus television: advertising value perceptions among females. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing.
Martins, J., Costa, C., Oliveira, T., Gonçalves, R., & Branco, F. (2019). How smartphone advertising influences consumers' purchase intention. Journal of Business Research, 94, 378-387. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.047
McIntyre, K. E. (2014). The evolution of social media from 1969 to 2013: A change in competition and a trend toward complementary, niche sites. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 3(2).
Mitchell, A. A., & Olson, J. C. (1981). Are product attribute beliefs the only mediator of advertising effects on brand attitude? Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 318-332.
Myers West, S. (2018). Censored, suspended, shadowbanned: User interpretations of content moderation on social media platforms. New Media & Society, 20(11), 4366-4383.
Patel, N. & Siu, E. (Host). (2022 February 7) How to Build an Indestructible SEO Strategy. [Audio Podcast]. Marketing School Podcast. Retrieved on 7 February 2022 from website https://marketingschool.io/how-to-build-an-indestructible-seo-strategy-1999/.
Phan, Q. P. T., Pham, N. T., & Nguyen, L. H. L. (2020). How to drive brand engagement and eWOM intention in social commerce: A competitive strategy for the emerging market. Journal of Competitiveness, 12(3), 136-155. doi:10.7441/joc.2020.03.08
Raza, S. H., & Zaman, U. (2021). Effect of Cultural Distinctiveness and Perception of Digital Advertising Appeals on Online Purchase Intention of Clothing Brands: Moderation of Gender Egalitarianism. Information, 12(2), 72.
Sharma, A., Dwivedi, R., Mariani, M. M., & Islam, T. (2022). Investigating the effect of advertising irritation on digital advertising effectiveness: A moderated mediation model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121731.
Sheth, S., & Kim, J. (2017). Social media marketing: The effect of information sharing, entertainment, emotional connection and peer pressure on the attitude and purchase intentions. GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR), 5(1).
Smith, K. (2011). Digital marketing strategies that millennials find appealing, motivating, or just annoying. Journal of Strategic marketing, 19(6), 489-499.
Survey Monkey.com (2020). Survey Monkey. Retrieved on 24 November 2020 from https://www.surveymonkey.com/.
Voorveld, H. A. M., van Noort, G., Muntinga, D. G., & Bronner, F. (2018). Engagement with social media and social media advertising: The differentiating role of platform type. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 38-54. doi:10.1080/00913367.2017.1405754
Wai Lai, I. K., & Liu, Y. (2020). The effects of content likeability, content credibility, and social media engagement on users' acceptance of product placement in mobile social networks. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 15(3), 1-19. doi:10.4067/S0718-18762020000300102
Yankah, S., Adams, K. S., Grimes, L., & Price, A. (2017). Age and online social media behavior in prediction of social activism orientation. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 6(2), 56-89.
Zagheni, E., Polimis, K., Alexander, M., Weber, I., & Billari, F. C. (2018, April). Combining social media data and traditional surveys to nowcast migration stocks. In Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).