Penalties Off the Field: Exploring Social Media Policies for Student Athletes at Universities
Keywords:
social media policy, student athlete, uses and gratifications, social cognitive theory, communication privacy managementAbstract
University student-athletes and their teams rely on social media to communicate with their fans, and these interactions may be beneficial for teams and athletes alike. But social media use also carries risk if an offensive photo or statement goes viral. Using frameworks from social cognitive, privacy, and uses and gratification theories, this article captures the status of university social media policies for athletes through content analysis and interviews. The findings outline strategies for monitoring, penalizing and rewarding athletes for their online interactions.
References
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Lebel, K., & Danylchuk, K. (2014). An audience interpretation of professional athlete self-presentation on Twitter. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 6(2), 16-36.
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Meraz, S. (2009). Is there an elite hold? Traditional media to social media agenda setting influence in blog networks. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682-707.
Miller, R., Parsons, K., & Lifer, D. (2010). Students and social networking sites: The posting paradox. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29, 377–382.
Pegoraro, A. (2013). Sport fandom in the Digital World. The Routledge Handbook of Sport Communication, 248-258.
Petronio, S. (2008). Communication Privacy Management Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quan-Haase, A. & Young, A. L. (2010). Uses and gratifications of social media: A comparison of Facebook and instant messaging. Bulletin of Science Technology & Society, 30(5), 350-361.
Sanderson, J. (2011). To tweet or not to tweet: Exploring Division I athletic departments' social-media policies. International Journal of Sport Communication, 4(4), 492-513.
Sanderson, J., & Browning, B. (2014). Training versus monitoring: A qualitative examination of athletic department practices regarding student-athletes and Twitter. Qualitative Research Reports In Communication, 14(1), 105-111.
Syme, C., & Dosh, K. (2014, December 4). CoSIDA Social media survey results & analysis. Retrieved from http://cosida.comnews/2014/12/4imported_1204142327.aspx?path=imported
Vincent, R. C. & Basil, M. D. (1997). College students news gratifications, media use, and current events knowledge. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41(3), 380-392.
Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(4), 362-369.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Bandura, A. (2002). Social Cognitive Theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology, 51(2), 269-290.
Bauer, M. W., & Gaskell, G. (2000). Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook. London: Sage.
Brock, R. (2007, January 12). U. Of Dayton study examines professional risks of Facebook. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(19), p. A31. Retrieved from https://www.chronicle.com/article/U-of-Dayton-Study-Examines/23729
Carroll, C. (2012). Confusion reigns as colleges and universities deal with social media and the student-athlete. Journal of NCAA Compliance, 6-7.
Duggan, M. (2015, August 19). The demographics of social media users. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/19/the-demographics-of-social-media-users/
Funk, L. (2007, September 19). Women on Facebook think provocative is empowering. USA Today, p. A11.
Harland, B. (2014, June). Social networking - US - June 2014. Retrieved from http://academic.mintel.com/display/680523/
Hand, H. (2014, July, 30). Dropped another prospect this AM due to his social media presence… Actually glad I got to see the ‘real’ person before we offered him [Twitter feed]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/coachhand/status/494457320064421888
Hernandez, A. (2013). All quiet on the digital front: The NCAA's wide discretion in regulating social media. Texas Review of Entertainment & Sports Law, 15(1), 53-66.
Hsieh, H.F., & Shannon, S. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
Kassing, J.W., & Sanderson, J. (2010). Tweeting through the Giro: A case study of fan–athlete interaction on Twitter. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3, 113–128.
Kian, E. M., & Zimmerman, M. H. (2012). The medium of the future: Top sports writers discuss transitioning from newspapers to online journalism. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5(3), 285-304.
Mahlangu, H. B. (2015). The applicability of Uses and Gratifications Theory in predicting Facebook game playing: Sport psychology. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 21(1.1), 162-172.
Miller, A.E. (2009). Revealing and concealing postmarital dating information: Divorced coparents’ privacy rule development and boundary coordination processes. Journal of Family Communication, 9, 135–149.
Lebel, K., & Danylchuk, K. (2014). An audience interpretation of professional athlete self-presentation on Twitter. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 6(2), 16-36.
Lupsa, C. (2006, December 13). Facebook: A campus fad becomes a campus fact. The social-networking website isn’t growing like it once did, but only because almost every US student is already on it. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1213/p13s01-legn.html
Meraz, S. (2009). Is there an elite hold? Traditional media to social media agenda setting influence in blog networks. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682-707.
Miller, R., Parsons, K., & Lifer, D. (2010). Students and social networking sites: The posting paradox. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29, 377–382.
Pegoraro, A. (2013). Sport fandom in the Digital World. The Routledge Handbook of Sport Communication, 248-258.
Petronio, S. (2008). Communication Privacy Management Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quan-Haase, A. & Young, A. L. (2010). Uses and gratifications of social media: A comparison of Facebook and instant messaging. Bulletin of Science Technology & Society, 30(5), 350-361.
Sanderson, J. (2011). To tweet or not to tweet: Exploring Division I athletic departments' social-media policies. International Journal of Sport Communication, 4(4), 492-513.
Sanderson, J., & Browning, B. (2014). Training versus monitoring: A qualitative examination of athletic department practices regarding student-athletes and Twitter. Qualitative Research Reports In Communication, 14(1), 105-111.
Syme, C., & Dosh, K. (2014, December 4). CoSIDA Social media survey results & analysis. Retrieved from http://cosida.comnews/2014/12/4imported_1204142327.aspx?path=imported
Vincent, R. C. & Basil, M. D. (1997). College students news gratifications, media use, and current events knowledge. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41(3), 380-392.
Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(4), 362-369.
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2017-12-19
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