Would you Pay for a Facebook Account to Protect Your Privacy?
Keywords:
Facebook, privacy, Choice-Based Conjoint, Hierarchical Bayes, Mechanical TurkAbstract
The research’s purpose is to determine whether Facebook users would pay for their accounts to protect their privacy and reduce the number of advertisements shown to them by Facebook. Facebook account holders were recruited from Mechanical Turk to complete the survey. Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) was used to estimate the utility consumers have for price, advertising, and privacy. Facebook users overwhelmingly prefer the no-cost option with the usual number of advertisements, and Facebook owning what is posted. Price is 50 percent more important than the next most important attribute: owning the data on Facebook. The number of advertisements shown on Facebook is about a third as important as price. Privacy concerns on Facebook are overshadowed by the cost of acquiring that privacy. Its contribution is making privacy and the number of advertisements shown a choice in the decision. Through tradeoff analysis, respondents must be explicit about what is important.
References
Acquisti, A. (2004). Privacy in electronic commerce and the economics of immediate gratification. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, May 17-20, New York, USA.
Acquisti, A., and Grossklags, J. (2005). Privacy and rationality in individual decision making.
IEEE Security & Privacy, 2, 24-30.
Allcott, H., Braghieri, L Eichmeyer, S., & Gentzkow, M. (2019). The welfare effects of social media, working paper. Retrieved from https://web.stanford.edu/~gentzkow/research/facebook.pdf
Antoun, C., Zhang, C., Conrad F.G, & Schober M. F. (2016). Comparisons of Online Recruitment Strategies for Convenience Samples: Craigslist, Google AdWords, Facebook, and Amazon Mechanical Turk. Field Methods, 28(3), 231-246.
Baek, Y., Kim, M, E. M., & Bae, Y. (2014). My privacy is okay, but theirs is endangered: Why comparative optimism matters in online privacy concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 48-56.
Barnes, S. (2006). A Privacy Paradox: Social Networking in the United States. First Monday
11(9). Retrieved March 19, 2018 (http://firstmonday.org/article/view/1394/1312).
Beauchamp, M. B. (2013). Don't Invade my Personal Space: Facebook's Advertising Dilemma. Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(1), 91.
Borchers, C., (2018, April 14). Would you pay $18.75 for ad-free Facebook?, The Washington Post, Retrieved from https://w k/?noredirect=onandutm_term=.5623f2a5b352
Baruh, L, Secinti E., & Zeynep C. (2017). Online Privacy Concerns and Privacy Management: A Meta-Analytical Review. Journal of Communication, 67, 26-53.
Buhrmester, M. Kwang T., & Gosling S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality. Data?. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3-5.
Chinoy, Sahil (2018, June 12), What 7 creepy patents reveal about Facebook. The New York Times, Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/21/opinion/sunday/facebook-patents-privacy.html?action=clickandmodule=Opinionandpgtype=Homepage
Cho, H., Knijnenburg B, Kobsa A., & Li Y. (2018). Collective Privacy Management in Social Media: A Cross-Cultural Validation. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 25(3), 17:1-17:33.
Cho H., Rivera-Sánchez M., & Sun Lim S. S. (2009). A multinational study on online privacy: Global concerns and local responses. New Media and Society, 11(3), 395-416.
Chu, S.C. (2011). Viral advertising in social media: Participation in Facebook groups and responses among college-aged users. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12, 30–43.
Corrigan, J. R., Alhabash S., Rousu M., & Cash S.B. (2018). How much is social media worth? Estimating the value of Facebook by paying users to stop using it. PLos ONE, 13(12), 1-11.
Davidson, P., (2018 July 1). Facebook reveals special data-sharing deals to Congress, USA Today, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/07/01/facebook-reveals-which-apps-software-hardware-firms-got-user-data/749348002/
Debatin, B., Lovejoy J.P., Horn A.K., & Hughes B.N. (2009). Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(1), 83-108.
Duffett, R.G. (2015). Facebook advertising's influence on intention-to-purchase and purchase amongst millennials. Internet Research, 25(4), 498-526.
Ellison, N. B., Vitak, J., Steinfield, C., Gray, R., & Lampe, C. (2011). Negotiating privacy concerns and social capital needs in a social media environment. In: Trepte S., Reinecke L. (eds) Privacy Online. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 19-32
Fortune (2017). Facebook now has an almost advertising-only business model. Reuters. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2017/05/05/facebook-digital-advertising-business-model/?utm_content=buffer2cb28andutm_medium=socialandutm_source=facebook.comandutm_campaign=buffer
Fowler, G. A. (2018, April 5). What if we paid for Facebook — Instead of letting it spy on us for free?, Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/04/05/what-if-we-paid-for-facebook-instead-of-letting-it-spy-on-us-for-free/?noredirect=onandutm_term=.986748972080
Fox, A. K., Royne M. B. (2018). Private information in a social world: Assessing consumers’ fear and understanding of social media privacy. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26(1-2), 72-89.
Frier, S., (2018, May 4). Facebook weighs ad-free subscription option. Bloomberg Business Week. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/facebook-is-said-to-research-ad-free-subscription-based-version.
Granville, K., (2018, March 19). Facebook and Cambridge Analytica: What you need to know as fallout widens. The New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/19/technology/facebook-cambridge-analytica-explained.html
Greenlight (2012). Facebook sponsored advertisements – 44% of people say they would ‘never’ click on them. Retrieved from www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/12/75429.html
Guynn, J. (2018, April 11). After Facebook hearings, users want to know: who is protecting my data?, USA Today, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/04/11/after-facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-hearings-users-want-know-who-protecting-my-data/505791002/
Hansson L., Wrangmo A., & Soilen K. (2013). Optimal ways for companies to use Facebook as a marketing channel. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 11(2), 112-126. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.saintleo.edu/docview/1354825340?accountid=4870
Hargittai, E., & Marwick M. (2016). What can I really do? Explaining the privacy paradox with online apathy. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3737-3757.
Ho, C.W. (2014). Consumer behavior on Facebook. EuroMed Journal of Business, 9(3), 252-267. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.saintleo.edu/docview/1652829980?accountid=4870
Hsu, Y.L. (2012). Facebook as international e-marketing strategy of Taiwan hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 972-980.
Jensen, C., Potts, C., and Jensen, C. (2005). Privacy practices of Internet users: self-reports versus observed behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 63(1),
203-227.
Jiang, Z., Cheng S.H., & Choi B. C.F. (2013). Privacy concerns and privacy-protective behavior in synchronous online social interactions. Information Systems Research, 24(3), 579-595.
Jung, J., Shim S.W., Jin H. S., & Khang H. (2016). Factors affecting attitudes and behavioural intention towards social networking advertising: A case of Facebook users in South Korea. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 248-265.
Kelly, L., Kerr G., & Drennan J. (2010). Avoidance of advertising in social networking sites: The teenage perspective. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 10(2), 16-27.
Kess, J., Berry C., Burton S., & Sheehan K. (2017), An Analysis of Data Quality: Professional Panels, Student Subject Pools, and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 141-155.
Kim, H. S., & Hodgins D. C. (2017). Reliability and validity of data obtained from alcohol, cannabis, and gambling populations on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(1), 85-94.
Manago, A., Taylor T., & Greenfield P. (2012). Me and my 400 friends: The anatomy of college students' Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 369-380.
Marotti, A., (2018, March 23), Facebook users have been giving away their data for a decade. Is it too late to get our privacy back?, Chicago Tribune, Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-data-privacy-facebook-cambridge-analytica20180319-story.html
Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2014). Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media. New Media & Society, 16(7), 1051–1067.
Matsakis, L. (2016 February 4). The unknown, poorly paid labor force powering academic research, Vice, Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/8q8ggb/the-unknown-poorly-paid-labor-force-powering-academic-research
Menard, S. (2009). Logistic Regression: From Introductory to Advanced Concepts and Applications, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.
Miller, J.D., Crowe M., Weiss B., & Maples-Keller J. L. (2017). Using online, crowdsourcing platforms for data collection in personality disorder research: The example of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Personality Disorder, Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(1), 26-34.
Mochon, D., Johnson K., Schwartz J., & Ariely D. (2017). What are likes worth? A Facebook page field experiment. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(2), 306-317.
Molla, R., (2018). How much would you pay for Facebook without ads?, Vox, Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2018/4/11/17225328/facebook-ads-free-paid-service-mark-zuckerberg
Orme, B. K., & Chrzan, K. (2017). Becoming an Expert in Conjoint Analysis: Choice Modeling for Pros, Sawtooth Software, Utah.
Petronio, S. (1991). Communication boundary management: A theoretical model of managing disclosure of private information between married couples. Communication Theory, 1, 4, 311–335.
Pierson, D. & Lien, T. (2018, April 13), Would you pay for an ad-free Facebook?, Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-facebook-paid-version-20180413-story.html
Pikas, B. & Sorrentino G. (2014). The effectiveness of online advertising: consumer’s perceptions of ads on Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16(4), 70-81.
Pollach, I. (2007). What’s wrong with online privacy policies?. Communications of the ACM, 50(9), 103–08.
Reynolds, B., Venkatanathan, J., Gonçalves, J., & Kostakos, V. (2011). Sharing ephemeral information in online social networks: privacy perceptions and behaviours. In: Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC13 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2011), September 5-9, Lisbon, Portugal.
Rosenberg, R. (1992). The Social Impact of Computers. Academic Press Inc.
Rossi, P. E, Allenby G.M., & McCulloch R. (2005). Bayesian Statistics and Marketing, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex, England.
Saeri, A. K., Ogilvie C., La Macchia S. T., Smith J. R., & Louis W. R. (2014). Predicting Facebook users’ online privacy protection: Risk, trust, norm focus theory, and the theory of planned behavior, The Journal of Social Psychology, 154(4), 352–369.
Sashittala, H.C., Sriramachandramurthy R., & Hodis M. (2012). Targeting college students on Facebook? How to stop wasting your money. Business Horizons, 55(4), 495–507.
Shane-Simpson, C., Manago A., Gaggi N., & Gillespie-Lynch K. (2018).
Why do college students prefer Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram? Site affordances, tensions between privacy and self-expression, and implications for social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 276-288.
Slovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D.G. (2002). The affect heuristic. In: Gilovich, T., Griffin, D.W. and Kahneman, D. (eds), Heuristics and biases (397-420), Cambridge University Press.
Smith, S. (2013). Conceptualising and evaluating experiences with brands on Facebook, International Journal of Market Research, 55(3), 357-374.
Statista.com (2019a). Social media advertising. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/outlook/220/100/social-media-advertising/worldwide
Statista.com (2019b). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 1st quarter 2019 (in millions), Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/
Stelzner, M. A. (2017). How marketers are using social media to grow their business. Social Media Examiner, Retrieved from https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Industry-Report-2017.pdf
Stewart, J. B. (2016). Facebook has 50 minutes of your time each day. It wants more. The New York Times, May 5, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html
Stewart, N., Ungemach C., Adam J.L., Harris, D., Bartels M., Newell Ben R., Paolacci G., & Chandler J. (2015). The average laboratory samples a population of 7,300 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(5), 479-491.
Stoltz, B. (2019). A New California Privacy Law Could Affect Every U.S. Business—Will You Be Ready?, Forbes, September 7, Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2019/09/07/california-consumer-privacy-act-could-affect-your-business/#1948553e36ac
Stutzman, F., Vitak, J., Ellison, N. B., Gray, R., & Lampe, C. (2012). Privacy in interaction: Exploring disclosure and social capital in Facebook, In Proceedings from ICWSM ‘12: The international conference on weblogs and social media. Dublin, Ireland: AAAI Press.
Sun, L. (2018). Survey shows most Americans uncomfortable with companies selling their data: A foolish take. USA Today, June 30, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2018/06/30/americans-uncomfortable-companies-selling-their-data/36359049/
Sunstein, C.R. (2018). Valuing Facebook. Behavioural Public Policy.
Thaler, R. H. (2015). Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics, New York, NY:
W.W. Norton and Company.
Tsay-Vogel, M., Shanahan J., & Signorielli N. (2018). Social media cultivating perceptions of privacy: A 5-year analysis of privacy attitudes and self-disclosure behaviors among Facebook users. New Media and Society, 20(1), 141-161.
USA Today (2018). Facebook to face class action over facial recognition. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/nation/2018/04/17/facebook-face-class-action-over-facial-recognition/33917531/
Van den Broeck, E., Poels, K., & Walrave, M. (2017). A factorial survey study on the influence of advertising place and the use of personal data on user acceptance of Facebook ads. American Behavioral Scientist, 61(7), 653-671.
Wessling, K. S., Huber, J., Netzer, O. (2017). MTurk character misrepresentation: Assessment and solutions. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 211-230.
Westin, A. F. (1967). Privacy and Freedom, Atheneum, New York.
Williamson, D. A.O (2018). Would you pay for an ad-free Facebook? eMarketer calculates how much Facebook would have to charge users to make up for lost ad revenue, eMarketer, June 8, Retrieved from https://www.emarketer.com/content/would-you-pay-for-an-ad-free-facebook
Williamson, D. A. (2009). Social network ad spending: 2010 Outlook. E-Marketer Report, Ġnternetadresi. Retrieved from http://www.emarketer.com/Report.aspx
Wong, Q. (2020). CCPA: What California's new privacy law means for Facebook, Twitter users, cnet, January 3, Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/ccpa-what-californias-new-privacy-law-means-for-facebook-twitter-users/
Yoon, G., Li, C., Yi J., North M., Hong C., & Liu, J. (2019). Attracting comments: Digital engagement metrics on Facebook and financial performance. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 24-37.
Youn, S. & Seunghyun, K. (2019). Understanding ad avoidance on Facebook: Antecedents and outcomes of psychological reactance. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 232-244.
Zantal-Wiener, A. (2018). Would you pay for an ad-free Facebook subscription? 64% of consumers say "no." Retrieved from https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/ad-free-facebook-subscription
Zephoria.com (2020). “The top 20 valuable Facebook statistics. Retrieved from https://zephoria.com/top-15-valuable-facebook-statistics/
Acquisti, A., and Grossklags, J. (2005). Privacy and rationality in individual decision making.
IEEE Security & Privacy, 2, 24-30.
Allcott, H., Braghieri, L Eichmeyer, S., & Gentzkow, M. (2019). The welfare effects of social media, working paper. Retrieved from https://web.stanford.edu/~gentzkow/research/facebook.pdf
Antoun, C., Zhang, C., Conrad F.G, & Schober M. F. (2016). Comparisons of Online Recruitment Strategies for Convenience Samples: Craigslist, Google AdWords, Facebook, and Amazon Mechanical Turk. Field Methods, 28(3), 231-246.
Baek, Y., Kim, M, E. M., & Bae, Y. (2014). My privacy is okay, but theirs is endangered: Why comparative optimism matters in online privacy concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 48-56.
Barnes, S. (2006). A Privacy Paradox: Social Networking in the United States. First Monday
11(9). Retrieved March 19, 2018 (http://firstmonday.org/article/view/1394/1312).
Beauchamp, M. B. (2013). Don't Invade my Personal Space: Facebook's Advertising Dilemma. Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(1), 91.
Borchers, C., (2018, April 14). Would you pay $18.75 for ad-free Facebook?, The Washington Post, Retrieved from https://w k/?noredirect=onandutm_term=.5623f2a5b352
Baruh, L, Secinti E., & Zeynep C. (2017). Online Privacy Concerns and Privacy Management: A Meta-Analytical Review. Journal of Communication, 67, 26-53.
Buhrmester, M. Kwang T., & Gosling S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality. Data?. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3-5.
Chinoy, Sahil (2018, June 12), What 7 creepy patents reveal about Facebook. The New York Times, Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/21/opinion/sunday/facebook-patents-privacy.html?action=clickandmodule=Opinionandpgtype=Homepage
Cho, H., Knijnenburg B, Kobsa A., & Li Y. (2018). Collective Privacy Management in Social Media: A Cross-Cultural Validation. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 25(3), 17:1-17:33.
Cho H., Rivera-Sánchez M., & Sun Lim S. S. (2009). A multinational study on online privacy: Global concerns and local responses. New Media and Society, 11(3), 395-416.
Chu, S.C. (2011). Viral advertising in social media: Participation in Facebook groups and responses among college-aged users. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12, 30–43.
Corrigan, J. R., Alhabash S., Rousu M., & Cash S.B. (2018). How much is social media worth? Estimating the value of Facebook by paying users to stop using it. PLos ONE, 13(12), 1-11.
Davidson, P., (2018 July 1). Facebook reveals special data-sharing deals to Congress, USA Today, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/07/01/facebook-reveals-which-apps-software-hardware-firms-got-user-data/749348002/
Debatin, B., Lovejoy J.P., Horn A.K., & Hughes B.N. (2009). Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(1), 83-108.
Duffett, R.G. (2015). Facebook advertising's influence on intention-to-purchase and purchase amongst millennials. Internet Research, 25(4), 498-526.
Ellison, N. B., Vitak, J., Steinfield, C., Gray, R., & Lampe, C. (2011). Negotiating privacy concerns and social capital needs in a social media environment. In: Trepte S., Reinecke L. (eds) Privacy Online. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 19-32
Fortune (2017). Facebook now has an almost advertising-only business model. Reuters. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2017/05/05/facebook-digital-advertising-business-model/?utm_content=buffer2cb28andutm_medium=socialandutm_source=facebook.comandutm_campaign=buffer
Fowler, G. A. (2018, April 5). What if we paid for Facebook — Instead of letting it spy on us for free?, Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/04/05/what-if-we-paid-for-facebook-instead-of-letting-it-spy-on-us-for-free/?noredirect=onandutm_term=.986748972080
Fox, A. K., Royne M. B. (2018). Private information in a social world: Assessing consumers’ fear and understanding of social media privacy. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26(1-2), 72-89.
Frier, S., (2018, May 4). Facebook weighs ad-free subscription option. Bloomberg Business Week. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/facebook-is-said-to-research-ad-free-subscription-based-version.
Granville, K., (2018, March 19). Facebook and Cambridge Analytica: What you need to know as fallout widens. The New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/19/technology/facebook-cambridge-analytica-explained.html
Greenlight (2012). Facebook sponsored advertisements – 44% of people say they would ‘never’ click on them. Retrieved from www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/12/75429.html
Guynn, J. (2018, April 11). After Facebook hearings, users want to know: who is protecting my data?, USA Today, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/04/11/after-facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-hearings-users-want-know-who-protecting-my-data/505791002/
Hansson L., Wrangmo A., & Soilen K. (2013). Optimal ways for companies to use Facebook as a marketing channel. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 11(2), 112-126. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.saintleo.edu/docview/1354825340?accountid=4870
Hargittai, E., & Marwick M. (2016). What can I really do? Explaining the privacy paradox with online apathy. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3737-3757.
Ho, C.W. (2014). Consumer behavior on Facebook. EuroMed Journal of Business, 9(3), 252-267. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.saintleo.edu/docview/1652829980?accountid=4870
Hsu, Y.L. (2012). Facebook as international e-marketing strategy of Taiwan hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 972-980.
Jensen, C., Potts, C., and Jensen, C. (2005). Privacy practices of Internet users: self-reports versus observed behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 63(1),
203-227.
Jiang, Z., Cheng S.H., & Choi B. C.F. (2013). Privacy concerns and privacy-protective behavior in synchronous online social interactions. Information Systems Research, 24(3), 579-595.
Jung, J., Shim S.W., Jin H. S., & Khang H. (2016). Factors affecting attitudes and behavioural intention towards social networking advertising: A case of Facebook users in South Korea. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 248-265.
Kelly, L., Kerr G., & Drennan J. (2010). Avoidance of advertising in social networking sites: The teenage perspective. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 10(2), 16-27.
Kess, J., Berry C., Burton S., & Sheehan K. (2017), An Analysis of Data Quality: Professional Panels, Student Subject Pools, and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 141-155.
Kim, H. S., & Hodgins D. C. (2017). Reliability and validity of data obtained from alcohol, cannabis, and gambling populations on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(1), 85-94.
Manago, A., Taylor T., & Greenfield P. (2012). Me and my 400 friends: The anatomy of college students' Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 369-380.
Marotti, A., (2018, March 23), Facebook users have been giving away their data for a decade. Is it too late to get our privacy back?, Chicago Tribune, Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-data-privacy-facebook-cambridge-analytica20180319-story.html
Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2014). Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media. New Media & Society, 16(7), 1051–1067.
Matsakis, L. (2016 February 4). The unknown, poorly paid labor force powering academic research, Vice, Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/8q8ggb/the-unknown-poorly-paid-labor-force-powering-academic-research
Menard, S. (2009). Logistic Regression: From Introductory to Advanced Concepts and Applications, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.
Miller, J.D., Crowe M., Weiss B., & Maples-Keller J. L. (2017). Using online, crowdsourcing platforms for data collection in personality disorder research: The example of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Personality Disorder, Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(1), 26-34.
Mochon, D., Johnson K., Schwartz J., & Ariely D. (2017). What are likes worth? A Facebook page field experiment. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(2), 306-317.
Molla, R., (2018). How much would you pay for Facebook without ads?, Vox, Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2018/4/11/17225328/facebook-ads-free-paid-service-mark-zuckerberg
Orme, B. K., & Chrzan, K. (2017). Becoming an Expert in Conjoint Analysis: Choice Modeling for Pros, Sawtooth Software, Utah.
Petronio, S. (1991). Communication boundary management: A theoretical model of managing disclosure of private information between married couples. Communication Theory, 1, 4, 311–335.
Pierson, D. & Lien, T. (2018, April 13), Would you pay for an ad-free Facebook?, Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-facebook-paid-version-20180413-story.html
Pikas, B. & Sorrentino G. (2014). The effectiveness of online advertising: consumer’s perceptions of ads on Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16(4), 70-81.
Pollach, I. (2007). What’s wrong with online privacy policies?. Communications of the ACM, 50(9), 103–08.
Reynolds, B., Venkatanathan, J., Gonçalves, J., & Kostakos, V. (2011). Sharing ephemeral information in online social networks: privacy perceptions and behaviours. In: Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC13 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2011), September 5-9, Lisbon, Portugal.
Rosenberg, R. (1992). The Social Impact of Computers. Academic Press Inc.
Rossi, P. E, Allenby G.M., & McCulloch R. (2005). Bayesian Statistics and Marketing, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex, England.
Saeri, A. K., Ogilvie C., La Macchia S. T., Smith J. R., & Louis W. R. (2014). Predicting Facebook users’ online privacy protection: Risk, trust, norm focus theory, and the theory of planned behavior, The Journal of Social Psychology, 154(4), 352–369.
Sashittala, H.C., Sriramachandramurthy R., & Hodis M. (2012). Targeting college students on Facebook? How to stop wasting your money. Business Horizons, 55(4), 495–507.
Shane-Simpson, C., Manago A., Gaggi N., & Gillespie-Lynch K. (2018).
Why do college students prefer Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram? Site affordances, tensions between privacy and self-expression, and implications for social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 276-288.
Slovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D.G. (2002). The affect heuristic. In: Gilovich, T., Griffin, D.W. and Kahneman, D. (eds), Heuristics and biases (397-420), Cambridge University Press.
Smith, S. (2013). Conceptualising and evaluating experiences with brands on Facebook, International Journal of Market Research, 55(3), 357-374.
Statista.com (2019a). Social media advertising. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/outlook/220/100/social-media-advertising/worldwide
Statista.com (2019b). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 1st quarter 2019 (in millions), Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/
Stelzner, M. A. (2017). How marketers are using social media to grow their business. Social Media Examiner, Retrieved from https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Industry-Report-2017.pdf
Stewart, J. B. (2016). Facebook has 50 minutes of your time each day. It wants more. The New York Times, May 5, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html
Stewart, N., Ungemach C., Adam J.L., Harris, D., Bartels M., Newell Ben R., Paolacci G., & Chandler J. (2015). The average laboratory samples a population of 7,300 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(5), 479-491.
Stoltz, B. (2019). A New California Privacy Law Could Affect Every U.S. Business—Will You Be Ready?, Forbes, September 7, Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2019/09/07/california-consumer-privacy-act-could-affect-your-business/#1948553e36ac
Stutzman, F., Vitak, J., Ellison, N. B., Gray, R., & Lampe, C. (2012). Privacy in interaction: Exploring disclosure and social capital in Facebook, In Proceedings from ICWSM ‘12: The international conference on weblogs and social media. Dublin, Ireland: AAAI Press.
Sun, L. (2018). Survey shows most Americans uncomfortable with companies selling their data: A foolish take. USA Today, June 30, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2018/06/30/americans-uncomfortable-companies-selling-their-data/36359049/
Sunstein, C.R. (2018). Valuing Facebook. Behavioural Public Policy.
Thaler, R. H. (2015). Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics, New York, NY:
W.W. Norton and Company.
Tsay-Vogel, M., Shanahan J., & Signorielli N. (2018). Social media cultivating perceptions of privacy: A 5-year analysis of privacy attitudes and self-disclosure behaviors among Facebook users. New Media and Society, 20(1), 141-161.
USA Today (2018). Facebook to face class action over facial recognition. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/nation/2018/04/17/facebook-face-class-action-over-facial-recognition/33917531/
Van den Broeck, E., Poels, K., & Walrave, M. (2017). A factorial survey study on the influence of advertising place and the use of personal data on user acceptance of Facebook ads. American Behavioral Scientist, 61(7), 653-671.
Wessling, K. S., Huber, J., Netzer, O. (2017). MTurk character misrepresentation: Assessment and solutions. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 211-230.
Westin, A. F. (1967). Privacy and Freedom, Atheneum, New York.
Williamson, D. A.O (2018). Would you pay for an ad-free Facebook? eMarketer calculates how much Facebook would have to charge users to make up for lost ad revenue, eMarketer, June 8, Retrieved from https://www.emarketer.com/content/would-you-pay-for-an-ad-free-facebook
Williamson, D. A. (2009). Social network ad spending: 2010 Outlook. E-Marketer Report, Ġnternetadresi. Retrieved from http://www.emarketer.com/Report.aspx
Wong, Q. (2020). CCPA: What California's new privacy law means for Facebook, Twitter users, cnet, January 3, Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/ccpa-what-californias-new-privacy-law-means-for-facebook-twitter-users/
Yoon, G., Li, C., Yi J., North M., Hong C., & Liu, J. (2019). Attracting comments: Digital engagement metrics on Facebook and financial performance. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 24-37.
Youn, S. & Seunghyun, K. (2019). Understanding ad avoidance on Facebook: Antecedents and outcomes of psychological reactance. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 232-244.
Zantal-Wiener, A. (2018). Would you pay for an ad-free Facebook subscription? 64% of consumers say "no." Retrieved from https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/ad-free-facebook-subscription
Zephoria.com (2020). “The top 20 valuable Facebook statistics. Retrieved from https://zephoria.com/top-15-valuable-facebook-statistics/
Downloads
Published
2020-12-18
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
