Social Media Use, Political Participation, and Civic Engagement in Election 2016
Keywords:
social media use, online and offline political participation, civic engagement, political self-efficacy, online social capital, trustAbstract
Immediately after Election 2016, an online survey of 3,810 US college students in a "swing state" shows that the general use of Facebook has a small, negative effect on U.S. college students’ online/offline political participation and civic engagement over and above six control variables and four demographic variables. The participants’ political use of Facebook is a much more important and positive predictor than their general use of Facebook for online/offline political participation and civic engagement even after controlling for six relevant variables and four demographic variables. Their online and offline political participation, and civic engagement were closely related. Their online social capital led to political use of Facebook but did not predict online/offline political participation and civic engagement. Additional interesting findings are also presented, theoretical and practical implications discussed.
References
References
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www.electionstudies.org/resources/papers/documents/nes010112.pdf
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Dimitrova, D. V., & Bystrom, D. (2013). The effects of social media on political participation and candidate image evaluations in the 2012 Iowa caucuses. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(11), 1568-1583.
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http://www.forbes.com/sites/danafeldman/2016/11/09/election-day-played-out-on-facebook-with-over-716m-election-related-likes-posts-comments-shares/#275f12556c83
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Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gibson, R., & Cantijoch, M. (2013). Conceptualizing and Measuring Participation in the Age of the Internet: Is Online Political Engagement Really Different to Offline?. Journal of Politics, 75(3), 701-716.
Gibson, R. K., McAllister, I. (2013). Online social ties and political engagement. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 10(1), 21-34.
Gil de Zúñiga, H. G., Barnidge, M., & Scherman, A. (2017). Social Media Social Capital, Offline Social Capital, and Citizenship: Exploring Asymmetrical Social Capital Effects. Political Communication, 34(1), 44-68.
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Copeland, L., & Bimber, B. (2014a). Political consumerism: Civic engagement and the social media connection. New Media & Society, 16(3), 488-506.
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals’social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17 (3), 319-336.
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Molyneux, L., & Zheng, P. (2014b). Social media, political expression, and political participation: Panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships. Journal of Communication, 64(4), 612-634.
Gottfried, J., Barthel, M., Shearer, E., & Mitchell, A. (2016). The 2016 presidential campaign – a news event that’s hard to miss. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/2016/02/04/the-2016-presidential-campaign-a-news-event-thats-hard-to-miss/
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Groshek, J., & Dimitrova, D. V. (2011). A cross-section of voter learning, campaign interest and intention to vote in the 2008 American election: Did Web 2.0 matter? Communication Studies Journal, 9, 355-375.
Growiec, K., & Growiec, J. (2014). Trusting only whom you know, knowing only whom you trust: The joint impact of social capital and trust on happiness in CEE countries. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(5), 1015-1040.
Hargittai, E., & Shaw, A. (2013). Digitally savvy citizenship: The role of Internet skills and engagement in young adults’ political participation around the 2008 presidential election. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(2), 115-134.
Himelboim, I., Lariscy, R., Tinkham, S. F., & Sweetser, K. D. (2012). Social Media and Online Political Communication: The Role of Interpersonal Informational Trust and Openness. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(1), 92-115.
Hofer, M., & Aubert, V. (2013). Perceived bridging and bonding social capital on Twitter: Differentiating between followers and followees. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2134-2142.
Housholder, E., & LaMarre, H. L. (2015). Political social media engagement: Comparing campaign goals with voter behavior. Public Relations Review, 41(1), 138-140.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1), 1-55.
Hyun, K. D., & Kim, J. (2015). Differential and interactive influences on political participation by different types of news activities and political conversation through social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 328-334.
Isaac, M., & Ember, S. (2016). For Election Day Chatter, Twitter Still Dominated Its Social Media Peers. The New York Times, November 9, 2016, p. 3.
Jensen, J. L. (2013). Political Participation Online: The Replacement and the Mobilisation Hypotheses Revisited. Scandinavian Political Studies, 36(4), 347-364.
Jordan, G., Pope, M., Wallis, P., & Iyer, S. (2015). The relationship between openness to experience and willingness to engage in online political participation is influenced by news consumption. Social Science Computer Review, 33(2), 181-197.
Jung, N., Kim, Y., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2011). The mediating role of knowledge and efficacy in the effects of communication on political participation. Mass Communication & Society, 14(4), 407-430.
Keegan, J. (2016). Clinton vs. Trump: How they used Twitter. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://graphics.wsj.com/clinton-trump-twitter/
Kim, S., Lee, J., & Yoon, D. (2015). Norms in social media: The application of theory of reasoned action and personal norms in predicting interactions with Facebook page like ads. Communication Research Reports, 32(4), 322-331.
Kim, Y., & Chen, H. (2016). Social media and online political participation: The mediating role of exposure to cross-cutting and like-minded perspectives. Telematics & Informatics, 33(2), 320-330.
Kim, Y., & Geidner, N. W. (2008). Politics as friendship: The impact of online social networks on young voters’ political behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Kim, Y., & Khang, H. (2014). Revisiting civic voluntarism predictors of college students’ political participation in the context of social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 114-121.
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10.
Kock, N., & Lynn, G.S. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546-580.
Lapowsky, I. (2016). Here’s how Facebook actually won Trump the presidency. Wired. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2016/11/facebook-won-trump-election-not-just-fake-news/
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