It’s all about me even if it appears to be about you

Narcissism and Facebook self-promotion through personal visual posting and corporate content sharing

Authors

  • Todd Andrew Holmes California State University Northridge

Keywords:

narcissism, social network sites, social media, photo sharing, video sharing, self-presentation, self-promotion, exhibitionism, corporate content, Facebook

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of narcissism and its three facets, Grandiose Exhibitionism (GE), Leadership/Authority (LA), and Entitlement/Exploitativeness (EE), on the frequency of personal photo and video posting and corporate sharing behaviors on Facebook. In addition, status update frequency was used as a covariate while gender and age were considered as moderators of these relationships. A total of 343 respondents completed an online survey which assessed their narcissism levels and their Facebook usage behaviors. Results demonstrated that after accounting for status update frequency, narcissism predicted the posting of photos and videos of just oneself, oneself with family and friends, and oneself surrounded by natural scenery. GE was the strongest predictor of the posting of photos/videos of oneself with friends while EE most strongly predicted the posting of photos/videos of oneself, oneself with family, and oneself with friends. Younger participants were found to be more impacted by LA when posting photos/videos of oneself with family and friends while older subjects were more influenced by GE when sharing content from a company or organization. Future research should extend the study by employing a multigenerational sample and further examining the effects of narcissism and its components on the posting of personal photos/videos and sharing of corporate content.

Author Biography

Todd Andrew Holmes, California State University Northridge

Dr. Holmes is Assistant Professor of Entertainment Media Management in the Department of Cinema and Television Arts at California State University Northridge.

References

Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., & Kashy, D. A. (2011). What does the narcissistic personality inventory really measure? Assessment, 18(1), 67-87.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington DC: Author.

Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 440-450.

Arpaci, I., Yalcin, S. B., Baloglu, M., & Kesici, S. (2018). The moderating effect of gender in the relationship between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 71-74.

Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303–1314.

Campbell, W. K., & Foster, J. D. (2007). The narcissistic self: Background, an extended agency model, and ongoing controversies. In: C. Sedikides and S.J. Spencer (Ed.), The self: Frontiers of social psychology (pp. 115-138). New York: Psychology Press.

Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 482-486.

Den Hartog, D. N., De Hoogh, A. H. B., & Belschak, F. D. (2020). Toot your own horn? Leader narcissism and the effectiveness of employee self-promotion. Journal of Management, 46(2), 261-286.

Dominick, J. R. (1999). Who do you think you are? Personal home pages and self-presentation on the World Wide Web. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 646-658.

Ellison, N. B., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 415-441.

Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291–300.

English, R. (2016). Gender considerations in online consumption behavior and internet use. Hershey, PA: 1G1 Global.

Fox, J. & Rooney, M. C. (2015). The Dark Triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161-165.

Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Double Day.

Kramer, N. C., & Winter, S. (2008). Impression management 2.0: The relationship of self-esteem, extraversion, self-efficacy, and self-presentation within social networking sites, Journal of Media Psychology, 20, 106–116.

Leary, M. R. (1996). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

McCrae, R. R., Kurtz, J. E., Yamagata, S., & Terracciano, A. (2011). Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 28-50.

Moon, J. H., Lee, E., Lee, J., Choi, T. R., Sung, Y. (2016). The role of narcissism in self-promotion on Instagram. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 22-25.

Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2011). Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 180-185.

Panek, E. T., Nardis, Y., & Konrath, S. (2013). Mirror or megaphone? How relationships between narcissism and social networking site use differ on Facebook and Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2004-2012.

Pew Research Center (2014, March 7). Millennials in adulthood. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/03/07/millennials-in-adulthood/

Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890-902.

Rudman, L. A. (1998). Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: The costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 629-645.

Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 3-37.

Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1658-1664.

Scott, G. G., Boyle, E. A., Czerniawska, K., & Courtney, A. (2018). Posting photos on Facebook: The impact of narcissism, social anxiety, loneliness, and shyness. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 67-72.

Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9 (December), 287-300.

Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2018, March 1). Social media use in 2018: A majority of Americans

use Facebook and YouTube, but young adults are especially heavy users of Snapchat and Instagram. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01 social-media-use-in-2018/

Sorokowski, P., Sorokowski, A., Oleszkiewicz, A., Frackowiak, T., Huk, A., Pisanki, K. (2015). Selfie posting behaviors are associated with narcissism among men. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 123-127.

Tankovska, H. (2021). Facebook: number of monthly active users worldwide 2008-2021: How many users does Facebook have? Statista. Retrieved from https://statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide

Taylor, D. G. (2020). Putting the “self” in selfies: How narcissism, envy and self-promotion motivate sharing of travel photos through social media. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 64-77.

Turel, O. & Gil-Or, O. (2019). To share or not to share? The roles of false Facebook self, sex, and narcissism in re-posting self-image enhancing products. Personality and Individual Differences, 151, Article 109506.

Twenge, J. M., & Foster, J. D. (2010). Birth cohort increases in narcissistic personality traits among American college students. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(1), 99-106.

Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Journal of Personality, 76, 875–902.

Vazire, S., Naumann, L. P., Rentfrow, P. J. & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Portrait of a narcissist: Manifestations of narcissism in physical appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439–1447.

Wang, J., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D., & Su, Z. (2012). The relationships among the Big Personality factors, self-esteem, narcissism, and sensation-seeking to Chinese university students’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs). Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 2313-2319.

Weiser, E. B. (2015). #Me: Narcissism and its facets as predictors of selfie-posting frequency. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 477-481.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-30